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Frequency to Period Converter

Convert frequency to period and period to frequency for clocks, timers, PWM signals, RF carriers, oscillators, audio sampling, embedded firmware, and laboratory measurements.

The converter accepts decimal and scientific notation, converts through hertz and seconds internally, then displays practical engineering units such as kHz, MHz, ms, µs, ns, and ps.

Engineering tool

Frequency ↔ Period Converter

Convert frequency to period or period to frequency for clock, PWM, RF, audio, timing, and lab measurement workflows.

Quick examples

Result console

Period
1ms
Frequency in base units
1000Hz
Period in base units
0.001s
Engineering notation
1 × 10^-3s
second
0.001s
microsecond
1000µs
nanosecond
1000000ns
picosecond
1e+9ps

Formula used: T = 1 / f

1 kHz equals 1 ms.

Frequency and period relationshipA sine wave showing one complete cycle and its period, with frequency defined as cycles per second.One period Tf = cycles per second, T = seconds per cycle
Frequency and period are reciprocals after converting to hertz and seconds.

Formula reference

Frequency and Period Formulas

Frequency and period are reciprocal quantities. Convert the input to the base unit first, apply the reciprocal formula, then convert to the selected output unit.

Period = 1 ÷ FrequencyT = 1 / fFrequency = 1 ÷ Periodf = 1 / Tω = 2πf

Variable definitions

f
frequency in hertz, where 1 Hz is 1 cycle per second
T
period in seconds for one complete cycle
1 kHz
1,000 Hz; 1 MHz = 1,000,000 Hz; 1 GHz = 1,000,000,000 Hz
1 ms
10^-3 s; 1 µs = 10^-6 s; 1 ns = 10^-9 s; 1 ps = 10^-12 s
ω
angular frequency in radians per second; this page focuses on frequency and period

Frequency and Period Unit Reference

Frequency units

UnitMeaningBase value
Hzhertz1 Hz
kHzkilohertz1,000 Hz
MHzmegahertz1,000,000 Hz
GHzgigahertz1,000,000,000 Hz
THzterahertz1,000,000,000,000 Hz

Period units

UnitMeaningBase value
ssecond1 s
msmillisecond10^-3 s
µsmicrosecond10^-6 s
nsnanosecond10^-9 s
pspicosecond10^-12 s

Worked Examples

Example 1: 1 kHz to period

  • 1 kHz = 1,000 Hz
  • T = 1 / 1,000
  • T = 0.001 s
  • T = 1 ms

Example 2: 100 MHz to period

  • 100 MHz = 100,000,000 Hz
  • T = 1 / 100,000,000
  • T = 10 ns

Example 3: 20 µs to frequency

  • 20 µs = 0.00002 s
  • f = 1 / 0.00002
  • f = 50000 Hz
  • f = 50 kHz

Example 4: 2.4 GHz to period

  • 2.4 GHz = 2,400,000,000 Hz
  • T = 1 / 2,400,000,000
  • T ≈ 0.4166667 ns

Engineering Notes

  • Frequency is the number of complete cycles per second.
  • Period is the time required for one complete cycle.
  • MCU clock frequency and instruction cycle time may not be identical.
  • PWM period and duty cycle are separate parameters.
  • Oscilloscope frequency measurements can vary with trigger settings and waveform quality.
  • Real oscillators have tolerance, drift, jitter, and phase noise.
  • Digital communication data rate is not always equal to clock frequency.
  • RF carrier frequency period does not directly determine modulation bandwidth.

Common Mistakes

  • Forgetting to convert MHz to Hz before applying T = 1 / f.
  • Confusing frequency with angular frequency, which uses radians per second.
  • Treating data rate as identical to clock frequency without checking encoding or divider behavior.
  • Mixing microseconds and milliseconds when reviewing timer calculations.
  • Using zero as a valid frequency or period.
  • Rounding too early and losing useful timing precision.
  • Confusing PWM duty cycle with PWM period.

Frequency vs Angular Frequency

Frequency f is measured in hertz and describes cycles per second. Angular frequency ω is measured in radians per second and is related by ω = 2πf. This page focuses on frequency and period conversion; angular frequency belongs in a separate specialized converter.

Support reference

FAQ

How do I convert frequency to period?

Convert frequency to period with T = 1 / f after converting the frequency to hertz. For example, 1 kHz is 1,000 Hz, so the period is 1 / 1,000 seconds, or 1 ms. The calculator performs the base-unit conversion before displaying the selected output unit.

How do I convert period to frequency?

Convert period to frequency with f = 1 / T after converting the period to seconds. For example, 20 µs is 0.00002 s, so the frequency is 1 / 0.00002, or 50,000 Hz. The result can then be displayed as Hz, kHz, MHz, GHz, or THz.

What is the period of 1 kHz?

The period of 1 kHz is 1 ms. A frequency of 1 kHz means 1,000 cycles per second, so each cycle takes 1 / 1,000 seconds. This value is common in timer, PWM, control-loop, and audio-related engineering calculations.

What is the period of 1 MHz?

The period of 1 MHz is 1 µs. A 1 MHz signal completes 1,000,000 cycles per second, so one cycle takes 0.000001 seconds. This relationship is often used when reviewing digital clocks, microcontroller timing, counters, and sampling systems.

What is the period of 100 MHz?

The period of 100 MHz is 10 ns. Convert 100 MHz to 100,000,000 Hz, then calculate T = 1 / 100,000,000. This is useful for digital timing analysis, FPGA clocks, high-speed logic, and oscilloscope timebase checks.

Why is zero frequency not supported?

Zero frequency would represent no repeating cycle, so the period is not a finite number. Similarly, a zero-second period would require infinite frequency. This converter is limited to finite positive frequency and period values that make sense for engineering calculations.

Is frequency the same as clock speed?

Clock speed is a frequency, but it may not directly equal instruction rate, data rate, PWM update rate, or signal bandwidth. Many systems divide, multiply, gate, or encode clock signals, so always check the specific timing relationship used by the device or protocol.

What is the difference between frequency and angular frequency?

Frequency f is measured in hertz and describes cycles per second. Angular frequency ω is measured in radians per second and is related by ω = 2πf. This converter focuses on frequency and period, not full angular frequency conversion.

Disclaimer

This converter provides engineering calculations for ideal frequency and period relationships. Real oscillators, clocks, PWM outputs, RF systems, and measurement instruments may include tolerance, jitter, drift, phase noise, trigger uncertainty, and bandwidth limitations.